A kidney transplant is typically suggested when which condition is present?

The correct choice is uremia, as this condition signifies a serious buildup of waste products in the blood due to kidney failure. When the kidneys are unable to filter toxins effectively, uremia can lead to severe health complications, making a kidney transplant a viable option to restore normal kidney function and eliminate these harmful substances from the bloodstream.

In contrast, cystitis refers to inflammation of the bladder, usually due to infection, and it typically does not necessitate a kidney transplant. Calculi, or kidney stones, can cause pain and obstruction but are often treated with non-invasive methods. Hematuria, which is blood in the urine, can indicate various underlying issues such as infections or stones, but it does not directly imply the need for a kidney transplant. Thus, uremia stands out as the condition that most commonly indicates the need for such a significant surgical intervention.