An enlarged thyroid is commonly known as?

An enlarged thyroid is commonly referred to as a goiter. This condition can occur for various reasons, including iodine deficiency, autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or conditions that cause an overproduction of thyroid hormones. The term "goiter" specifically describes the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which may or may not be associated with changes in hormone production.

In contrast, the other options relate to different anatomical structures or conditions. "Gonad" refers to the organs that produce gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females), "tetany" is a medical condition characterized by muscle spasms due to low calcium levels, and "thymus" is an organ involved in the immune system, primarily during early development. Therefore, "goiter" is the correct term for an enlarged thyroid.