Specific segments of DNA that are located on chromosomes are known as?

Genes are specific segments of DNA that are located on chromosomes, and they serve as the basic units of heredity in living organisms. Each gene contains the instructions for the synthesis of proteins or the regulation of various functions and traits. Genes are essential for the growth, development, and functioning of an organism, as they determine characteristics such as eye color, blood type, and susceptibility to certain diseases.

Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis but are not segments of DNA. Keloids are a type of raised scar that can form after skin injury, unrelated to DNA structure. Centrioles play a role in cell division and organization of the mitotic spindle but do not refer to segments of DNA. Therefore, genes accurately represent the segments of DNA found on chromosomes.