What condition is described as severe brain inflammation causing edema and nerve cell destruction?

The condition described as severe brain inflammation causing edema (swelling) and nerve cell destruction is encephalitis. Encephalitis is primarily an inflammation of the brain, typically caused by viral infection, although it can also result from bacterial infections, autoimmune processes, or other factors. The inflammation leads to symptoms such as fever, headaches, confusion, and neurological disturbances due to the swelling and damage to the brain's nerve cells.

In contrast, seizures are a symptom that can occur due to various neurological conditions, including encephalitis, but they do not describe the primary condition itself. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by motor dysfunction and does not involve the acute inflammation of the brain. Meningitis refers to the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, which is a different condition than encephalitis, although both can be serious and involve infection.