What do arterial blood gases indicate about a patient’s respiratory health?

Arterial blood gases (ABGs) primarily provide critical information about the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a patient's blood, which directly reflects the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs. By measuring these gases, healthcare providers can assess how well the lungs are functioning in terms of taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. This assessment is vital in diagnosing and managing respiratory conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The evaluation of oxygen levels (PaO2) helps determine if the patient is receiving adequate oxygenation, while the measurement of carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2) helps in understanding the adequacy of ventilation. Thus, the primary function of ABGs is to monitor respiratory health with respect to these critical gases.