What is a primary function of melanin in the skin?

Melanin plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. It absorbs and dissipates UV rays, thereby reducing the risk of skin damage that can lead to sunburn, skin aging, and an increased likelihood of skin cancer. This protective function is essential because UV exposure can harm the DNA in skin cells, resulting in skin disorders.

The other options do not accurately describe the primary function of melanin. While fighting skin infections is important for the overall health of the skin, it is not a function of melanin. Similarly, breaking down skin oils does not pertain to melanin’s role; this function is typically the responsibility of other mechanisms in the skin. Treating cancers of the skin is a medical treatment issue, not directly related to the protective attributes that melanin provides. Thus, the primary function of melanin is effectively represented by its role in safeguarding the underlying tissues from sun damage.