What is the name of the cartilage "lid" that covers the opening into the larynx when food is swallowed?

The cartilage "lid" that covers the opening into the larynx when food is swallowed is called the epiglottis. Its primary function is to prevent food and liquid from entering the airway during swallowing, directing them instead towards the esophagus. This mechanism is crucial for protecting the respiratory tract and ensuring that food is swallowed safely.

The other options do not serve this specific function. The tongue primarily aids in the manipulation of food and speech, the tonsils are part of the immune system located at the back of the throat, and the uvula is a small, fleshy structure that hangs down from the soft palate and helps in speech and swallowing but does not cover the larynx.