What process involves the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food?

The process that involves the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food is digestion. This process begins in the mouth, where food is mechanically broken down by chewing and mixed with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown. Digestion continues in the stomach and small intestine, where further mechanical movements and enzymes further break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

The significance of digestion lies in its role in the overall process of obtaining nutrients from food. Without digestion, the body would be unable to convert food into the essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients required for energy, growth, and cellular repair. Thus, it is a critical component of the digestive system's function and overall health.