Which of the following describes the part of the nervous system that controls internal organs and other self-regulating body functions?

The part of the nervous system that controls internal organs and other self-regulating body functions is known as the autonomic nervous system. This system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and reflexes. It operates independently of conscious control, allowing the body to maintain optimal function without the need for active engagement from the individual.

The autonomic nervous system is further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which have contrasting effects on the body to maintain homeostasis. For instance, the sympathetic system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, while the parasympathetic system promotes 'rest and digest' activities.

In contrast, the central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, and it is primarily involved in processing sensory information and coordinating voluntary movements. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connect them to limbs and organs, and it includes both somatic and autonomic subdivisions. The sensory aspect of the nervous system is focused on receiving and processing external stimuli, which is distinct from the autonomic's role in managing the internal environment of the body.