Which of the following requires special consent for release of information?

The requirement for special consent for the release of information is particularly pertinent when it comes to genetic testing. Genetic information is considered sensitive and private, and its disclosure can lead to discrimination or emotional distress. As a result, many jurisdictions have established specific regulations that necessitate obtaining informed consent from the individual before genetic data can be shared with third parties, including insurers or employers.

This heightened level of confidentiality surrounding genetic testing is designed to protect individuals' privacy and prevent potential misuse of genetic information. Therefore, obtaining explicit consent is crucial to ensure individuals understand what is being shared, with whom, and for what purposes.